简单聊 VRRP

在部署网络时，我们要考虑到负载均衡和高可用，如何将流量分布到两个设备上面，如何在一台设备坏掉时，另一个设备负责负载所有的流量。这里我们可以通过思科的 VRRP 实现。

实验拓扑

拓扑如下：

操作命令

R1 路由器：

R1#vlan database
R1(vlan)#vlan 10
R1(vlan)#vlan 20
R1(vlan)#vlan 30
R1(vlan)#vlan 40
R1(vlan)#exit
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/0-1
R1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
R1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
R1(config-if-range)#exit
R1(config)#interface vlan 10
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.252 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 192.168.10.254
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 priority 150
R1(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface vlan 20
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.252 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#vrrp 20 ip 192.168.20.254
R1(config-if)#vrrp 20 priority 150
R1(config-if)#vrrp 20 preempt
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface vlan 30
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.252 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#vrrp 30 ip 192.168.30.254
R1(config-if)#vrrp 30 priority 100
R1(config-if)#vrrp 30 preempt
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface vlan 40
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.252 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#vrrp 40 ip 192.168.40.254
R1(config-if)#vrrp 40 priority 100
R1(config-if)#vrrp 40 preempt

R2 路由器：

R2#vlan database  
R2(vlan)#vlan 10  
R2(vlan)#vlan 20  
R2(vlan)#vlan 30  
R2(vlan)#vlan 40  
R2(vlan)#exit  
R2#configure terminal  
R2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/0-1  
R2(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q  
R2(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk  
R2(config-if-range)#exit  
R2(config)#interface vlan 10  
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.253 255.255.255.0  
R2(config-if)#no shutdown  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 10 ip 192.168.10.254  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 10 priority 100  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 10 preempt  
R2(config-if)#exit  
R2(config)#interface vlan 20  
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.253 255.255.255.0  
R2(config-if)#no shutdown  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 20 ip 192.168.20.254  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 20 priority 100  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 20 preempt  
R2(config-if)#exit  
R2(config)#interface vlan 30  
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.253 255.255.255.0  
R2(config-if)#no shutdown  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 30 ip 192.168.30.254  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 30 priority 150  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 30 preempt  
R2(config-if)#exit  
R2(config)#interface vlan 40  
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.253 255.255.255.0  
R2(config-if)#no shutdown  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 40 ip 192.168.40.254  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 40 priority 150  
R2(config-if)#vrrp 40 preempt

R3 路由器：

R3#vlan database  
R3(vlan)#vlan 10  
R3(vlan)#vlan 20  
R3(vlan)#vlan 30  
R3(vlan)#vlan 40  
R3(vlan)#exit  
R3#configure terminal  
R3(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/0-1  
R3(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q  
R3(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk  
R3(config-if-range)#exit  
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2  
R3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10  
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3  
R3(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

R4 路由器：

R4#vlan database  
R4(vlan)#vlan 10  
R4(vlan)#vlan 20  
R4(vlan)#vlan 30  
R4(vlan)#vlan 40  
R4(vlan)#exit  
R4#configure terminal  
R4(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/0-1  
R4(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q  
R4(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk  
R4(config-if-range)#exit  
R4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2  
R4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30  
R4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3  
R4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 40