Nextcloud 生产环境部署保姆级教程

Nextcloud 是一个免费专业的私有云存储网盘开源项目，可以简单快速地在电脑、服务器甚至是树莓派等设备上架设一套属于自己或团队专属的云同步网盘，从而实现跨平台跨设备文件同步、共享、版本控制、团队协作功能。

CUE 下前篇

先前发布一篇名为《在 Docker 中部署 NextCloud》教程，分享如何通过 Docker 快速部署 NextCloud。

此种部署方式适合个人用户使用，如需部署在生产环境用，建议使用 LAMP 架构加源码部署，详见下文。

环境介绍

杜老师的实验环境为虚拟机加 CentOS7 系统，使用的 LAMP 脚本来自 https://lnmp.org，Nextcloud 为此文撰写时的最新版本。

这里需要注意的是：因 Nextcloud 需要 PHP7.3 以上的版本，所以必须 1G 以上的内存。

服务安装

使用官方命令进行环境部署：

wget http://soft.vpser.net/lnmp/lnmp1.9.tar.gz -cO lnmp1.9.tar.gz && tar zxf lnmp1.9.tar.gz && cd lnmp1.9 && ./install.sh lamp

部署时的环境设置如下：

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|          LNMP V1.9 for CentOS Linux Server, Written by Licess          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|        A tool to auto-compile & install LNMP/LNMPA/LAMP on Linux       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|           For more information please visit https://lnmp.org           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You have 11 options for your DataBase install.
1: Install MySQL 5.1.73
2: Install MySQL 5.5.62 (Default)
3: Install MySQL 5.6.51
4: Install MySQL 5.7.38
5: Install MySQL 8.0.30
6: Install MariaDB 5.5.68
7: Install MariaDB 10.3.35
8: Install MariaDB 10.4.25
9: Install MariaDB 10.5.16
10: Install MariaDB 10.6.8
0: DO NOT Install MySQL/MariaDB
Enter your choice (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 0): 4
Using Generic Binaries [y/n]: y   
You will install MySQL 5.7.38 Using Generic Binaries.
===========================
Please setup root password of MySQL.
Please enter: Dusays@1234
MySQL root password: Dusays@1234
===========================
Do you want to enable or disable the InnoDB Storage Engine?
Default enable,Enter your choice [Y/n]: Y
You will enable the InnoDB Storage Engine
===========================
You have 9 options for your PHP install.
1: Install PHP 5.2.17
2: Install PHP 5.3.29
3: Install PHP 5.4.45
4: Install PHP 5.5.38
5: Install PHP 5.6.40 (Default)
6: Install PHP 7.0.33
7: Install PHP 7.1.33
8: Install PHP 7.2.34
9: Install PHP 7.3.33
10: Install PHP 7.4.30
11: Install PHP 8.0.20
12: Install PHP 8.1.7
Enter your choice (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12): 11
You will install PHP 8.0.20
===========================
You have 3 options for your Memory Allocator install.
1: Don't install Memory Allocator. (Default)
2: Install Jemalloc
3: Install TCMalloc
Enter your choice (1, 2 or 3): 1
You will install not install Memory Allocator.
===========================
Please enter Administrator Email Address: teacherdu@dusays.com
===========================
Server Administrator Email: teacherdu@dusays.com
===========================
===========================
You have 2 options for your Apache install.
1: Install Apache 2.2.34
2: Install Apache 2.4.53 (Default)
Enter your choice (1 or 2): 2
You will install Apache 2.4.53

Press any key to install...or Press Ctrl+c to cancel

环境部署完成后会出现如下提示：

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|          LNMP V1.9 for CentOS Linux Server, Written by Licess          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|           For more information please visit https://lnmp.org           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|    lnmp status manage: lnmp {start|stop|reload|restart|kill|status}    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  phpMyAdmin: http://IP/phpmyadmin/                                     |
|  phpinfo: http://IP/phpinfo.php                                        |
|  Prober:  http://IP/p.php                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Add VirtualHost: lnmp vhost add                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Default directory: /home/wwwroot/default                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  MySQL/MariaDB root password: Dusays@1234                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
|    Manager for LNMP, Written by Licess    |
+-------------------------------------------+
|              https://lnmp.org             |
+-------------------------------------------+
Apache is running.
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (89612)
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128          *:111                      *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5      192.168.122.1:53                       *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:631                      *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:3306                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:111                   [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:80                    [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:22                    [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128      [::1]:631                   [::]:*                  
Install lnmp takes 6 minutes.
Install lnmp V1.9 completed! enjoy it.

使用浏览器访问虚拟机的 IP，即可显示如下页面：

Nextcloud 的部署

直接在默认网站根目录中使用 Nextcloud 官方下载地址进行源码下载，然后对其进行解压操作，并修改对应文件的权限：

cd /home/wwwroot/default/
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip
unzip latest.zip
chown www. /home/wwwroot/default/nextcloud/ -R

在浏览器中使用 IP/nextcloud 打开网站，其中 nextcloud 是刚解压的目录，如有需要可以将其放入根目录中。依次设置管理员账号和密码，生产环境数据量比较大，数据库需要选择 MySQL，并输入数据库连接信息「这里用 root 用户连接，数据库不需要提前创建」